TYPES OF DESIGN CONCEPT
The way in which basic architectural needs are met to satisfy client,
are democratically determined by the architect, using different approach,
sometimes he uses certain approach unconsciously. The design behavior
architecture is such that we tend to reason in three dimensional views on how
the building will look like; we do this through any of the following basic
approaches.
1. ANALOGUE CONCEPT
There are
aspects of architecture that need to be ‘taught,’ particularly at the beginning
levels of architectural education. At the upper levels, when students have
acquired skills of architectural drawing, model-making, design, and face the
prospect of leaving school and working in the architectural profession, it is
time to ‘teach’ individual initiative, thinking, and action. Authority figures,
such as teachers, must at this stage become mentors. Students not prepared for
the degree of independence required by this work will not be prepared to
practice architecture with independent conscience and sense of responsibility.
There is need to learn by examples from precedent professionals by studying
their works.
The analog circumvent history in other to determine or
help in making decision and liberates the imagination of student in ways that
can impact the primary “reality” the problem on ground concerning design, under
consideration. In today’s world of rapid changes, where history is less and
less reliable as a guide to the future, intellectual freedom and inventiveness
of the type enabled by the analog are increasingly important. These four modes
of designing; pragmatic, iconic, analogy and canonic, seem to underlie all the
ways in which architectural form has been, or can be generated. An example of
analogue concept reflects in the works of walter Gropius and Ludwig mies vanda
rohe due to their work experience with peter brehen at the A.E.G Factory
design.
Advantages
Analogue concept
Ø Its help architect to improve on their own ideas
Ø Its create an intellectual freedom and inventiveness
due to different perspectives and idea generated by analogue concept
Ø Its improves the imagination of student, and increase
the experience of student through practical works
Disadvantages
of Analogue concept
Ø Depending on the individual student, it can lead to
grooming of dependent student that cannot think on their own
Ø It tends to produce repetitive works, if the students
are mediocre.
2. CANONIC CONCEPT: this
approach involve the use of grids and axis, upon
which designers generate their idea, such that using the same grid and
measurement can be used to generate different internal space, Geometric ratios,
and geometric figures were often employed in the design of Egyptian,
ancient Indian, Greek
and Roman architecture. Medieval European
cathedrals also incorporated symbolic geometry. Indian and Himalayan spiritual
communities often constructed temples and fortifications
on design plans of mandala
and yantra.
These grids are said to be rooted in the study of nature and the environment,
it was discovered in the golden section. The unique
properties of the golden section have long attracted the interest of geometers,
mathematicians, and architects. Pythagoras loved the golden section and
considered it one of the divine mysteries
THE LLONBASE 36/ BALLONART completed in 2005
ARCHITECT BEHF ZILFILTECHNER
Advantages of Canonic concept
Ø Its provides a key to proportion in architectural designing,
through it geometrical and mathematical innovation
Ø It does not restrict designer in a the way it gives freedom of
space allocation, that will in the end produce different form,
Ø It makes use of grids and axis and that makes construction easy.
Disadvantage of Canonic concept
Ø It discourages the need for student to learn from their
environments.
3.
ICONIC CONCEPT:
long before now when human being was a wanderer, man does not know how to erect
shelter ,what he did was to observe animals like birds through try and error he
started getting a befitting shelter for himself, human being grow as a member
of a community, which his total way of life is influenced by his immediate
geographical, political and tradition situations, different culture appears in
different geographical location, and they have their own distinct architecture
and traditions, their architectural structures are rooted from their quest to
survive in that geographical location, making their structural and
constructional technique different through their ability to learn from their
immediate environment.
For example, the structure and construction technique of ijaw, shekiri
in the south-south part of Nigeria is different from the structure of northern Nigeria.
Within each culture this idea of design his repeated over time.
User-participation is conceivably the most potent method of all for the
recurrence of design icons.
The Bird Nest observation tower, Germany is an example
of iconic conceopt
ARCHITECTS: p.karle/bulbuun
Advantages of iconic concept
Ø It leads to testing and innovation of new construction
technique
Ø It allow intuitive thinking in the process of finding
solutions to construction problems
Ø It create a cultural significance in construction such
that the way of construction reflect the tradition or way of life of people
Disadvantage
of iconic concept
Ø It tends to be repetitive
1.
PRAGMATIC CONCEPT: this approach involve the use of available material to provide shelter which
was also achieved and established by tried and error, as at the primitive life
of man, man has to make use of exactly what nature offers him, and he uses
leaves and other natural material that he could find around to create his
shelter, this concept his use when we have new discovered building material and
we would like to use it to see how good it is, the after like ten years of
observation we deduce if that material is actually efficient for the said
purposes. After industrial revolution, the use of material really changed, due
to new discoveries of new material, and after the second world war ended, the
emphasis on the truth of material and rational use of material where the basis
of design. for example the use of mud in northern Nigerian and in the southern
part they use bamboo and timber, and this concept spreads within the localities,
as it is the available and functional means of that time, but now in northern
Nigeria they now have fired clay bricks, and in the southern Nigeria, they have
pile foundations of timber, concrete. All of these are pragmatic approach in
architectural design.
Advantages of pragmatic concept
Ø It leads to justification and innovation of new
building materials
Ø It helps to generate new building materials through
tried and error
Ø It leads to exploration of means and natural resources
Disadvantages of pragmatic concept
Ø It tends to be repetitive.
Large
Mosque,
Djenne, Mali, built 1935 built with earth as a
sustainable building
Conclusion
The above design approaches is an exercise of systematized procedures in
the decision-making of design. In canonic concept procedures are mathematically-based
and these lead to the generation of solutions in such variety that it almost
not matters when some of them have to be eliminated. While in analogue we are
sure of learning from experience of mentors, and from iconic and pragmatic
approaches we learn how to observe our environment to create what we need.
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